The Organic Management Hewlett-Packard - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1559 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? THE ORGANIC MANAGEMENT Dave Packard and Bill Hewlett built their dream – the Hewlett-Packard Company in 1939. Their greatest contribution was not the product that is the core of any business. Rather it was their management style that revolutionized the entry of HP into the American business scene. Their strategy placed their people at the core of their business. They did not believe in the conventional hire-fire policy of the Americans. Even in the 1980s, when the businesses were reeling under the economic burden, HP chose to retain its people by implementing the 4 work days in a week policy which was one of its kind in the history of business. The employees were given the opportunity to innovate and grow within the organisation. They adopted a slow growth policy unlike the other American companies. The growth of the company was phenomenal. On observing the HP way closely, we can understand that the theory underlying here is theory Z. Though it was formulated decades after HP articulated its wa y, the characteristics of HP way can be matched accurately with the theory. Theory Z was the latest addition to the humanistic traditions in management at the time it was propagated. It was built on the foundation laid by Douglas McGregor’s theory X and theory Y. Hence, theory Z is nothing but derived of the best of both X and Y. Theory X is typically an ancient approach to management. It can be considered as the basis of each of the enterprises that came into being since the primitive ages. People are inherently reluctant to work and that the only stimulating factor is punishment. This could be thought as the basis of all sorts of labour and in the extremes- slavery as well. When men are required to work for the builders, all they were doing is prevent punishment. Infliction of pain the dread arising from that thought was the sole driving force to finish the tasks. Pain can be considered in a broader sense here. It could be either the physical pain inflicted on inability to meet the requirements or the pain induced after losing the means of livelihood. This is one extreme of the theory. To give another case that we can relate to, theory X is in play wherever there is a threat of losing their jobs in case of underperformance. Daily wage earners, contract workers and many others working in the unorganised sectors fall in this range. It is an undisputable fact that this produced results. In most of the cases the results were most desirable- from the most talked about monuments to the insignificant routine jobs in an obscure factory. It is in thin context that a few revolutionary thinkers like Elton Mayo came up with their humanistic ideas. To test the same, they conceptualised and implemented the Hawthorne experiments at the Western Electric Company. The most interesting fact about the experiments was that the results were positive irrespective of the kind of stimulus given. For instance in the illumination experiment, merely being chosen amongst a test group itself was sufficient enough to drive the productivity of an individual to the peak. So we can effectively conclude that recognition is what each person strives for. In the present industrial scene, there is indeed a different measurement of the desirable end result. The world has redefined the term desirable for all. Now, there is a drastic shift to the human side of labour from the material gains to business. The mental and physical well-being of the employee is the prime consideration in most companies. This shift in attitude can be attributed not just to the changing industrial climate, but also to the social, political and economic changes in the world. Employee has now found himself at the heart of the process. In this backdrop, one can analyse the counter theory to X, which is called theory Y. This was the soft approach to management. Here, we believe that the employee wants to work for the love of work itself. This theory puts primary focus on self-direction an d initiative rather than a company-driven perspective to work. This focusses more on the reward system in order to boost the morale of the employee and there by better productivity. McGregor mentions a few ways in which theory Y was applied in the industries. For instance, IBM had successfully carried out their decentralisation and deregulation process during this era. Another concept that came into being during this time was Management by Objectives formulated by Peter Drucker. Hence an alignment of the individual aspirations with that of the company became important. The employees would start identifying themselves as part of the organisation. Drawing parallels from the American and the Japanese systems of management one can easily fit certain characteristics of theory X and Y in the big picture. The American system had mostly the characteristics of theory X. They treated their employees solely from a mechanised perspective. Ouchi used the term theory A to describe the Ameri can way of management. It was more mechanistic in nature. The major characteristics were short-term employment, clearly defined career progression, rapid evaluation system, rigid control, and individual decision making. The Japanese management system, which was termed theory J by Ouchi, believed in collective processes. There was a â€Å"moral cohesion† amongst the team members. The defining characteristics of theory J were the collective decision making process, wholistic view, slow growth and advancement, and life-time employment. The stark contrasts in the characteristics of theories A and J roots in the varied socio-political environments in the respective countries. In a study during the 1970s it was found that the American companies fared better in automated production processes than the rest of the world. But in semi-automated industries Japan topped the world. Japan had a more peaceful industrial relations climate as well. The industries started focussing on imp lementation of the best of Japanese management to the American scene to create a more employee friendly industrial climate. The result of this was theory Z. Theory Z incorporates the best of both the practices. It emphasizes on long term employment, contrast to theory A and slightly different from the life-time employment concept of theory J. It includes individual decision making as opposed to that of Japanese management. Ouchi defines â€Å"trust, subtlety and intimacy† as the core values in the culture Z. In essence the meanings are derived extensively from the theories, but one cannot equate Z and the others. Ouchi calls his theory the organic way of managing and this was popularised during the Asian economic boom in 1980s. The implementation of this theory aims at maximising employee involvement, satisfaction, loyalty and productivity. Speaking of theory Z and its impact on the Indian context, we can see that the manufacturing segment operates with more of theory Y where as other newer industries like IT and other services focusses on Theory Z. One can observe this dichotomy in cases of Multinational engineering companies operating in the country. During my stint with ABB Ltd., I was put in a manufacturing facility in the outskirts of Bangalore. But I worked in a global IT team located there. So each day, the shop-floor visit and my workstation gave me experiences that were worlds apart. The manufacturing line had operators who had completed, 10-25 years of experience supervising the contract workers, where as I worked with a team of age group 22-35 years. The manufacturing segment in India being dominated by Trade Unions take collective decisions and there is hardly any attrition except among contract workers. Whereas the IT professionals have to make individual decisions and are strictly monitored and evaluated by their deliverables as a team and also as an individual. There has been a shift to theory Z in the recent years, where apprais als and rewards are incorporated right from the bottom to top of the hierarchy. It is quite palpable in the industrial scene in India. The MNCs have shifted their focus to a more employee engaging and friendly approach. But are the desirable results made? It is obvious that in the present market scenario, the competition is intense and loyalty has taken a backseat. Ultimately the theories aim at alignment of the long term goals of both the company and the individual. The concept of ‘long term’ is long gone from the world. The goals are short term and so are the forecasts. This could be observed in the case of the HP way as well. Currently the company is plagued by unstable management, who is troubled with the style of functioning of the organisation. Though the latter CEOs tried to remove the employee centred ‘HP way’ from HP, it is often seen that they were forced to revise their decisions. Organisations are made of organic building blocks i.e. its people. Hence the organic way of managing, irrespective of the number of names attached to theories, will continue until organisations cease to exist. References Ezaki, Koechi. 1983. ‘The Implications of Theory Z for the Sociology of Organizations’. Mid-American Review of Sociology. Vol.8, No.2, pp 81-91. McGregor, Douglas. 1960. The Human Side of Enterprise. New York : McGraw-Hill. Mayo, Elton. 1930. ‘The Human Effect of Mechanisation’. The American Economic Review. Vol.20, No.1, pp 156-176. Ouchi, W. G. 1981. Theory Z: How American Business can meet the Japanese Challenge. Massachussets : Addison- Wesley. Packard, David. 1985. The HP Way. New York: HarperCollins Publishers. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Organic Management: Hewlett-Packard" essay for you Create order

The Issue Of Gun Control - 1983 Words

The Issue of Gun Control â€Å"We the people in order to form a more perfect union.† This is the beginning of the infamous Preamble of the United States Constitution. The Constitution is the one and only document this great country’s foundation was built upon. The Preamble is one of the few parts of the Constitution that many Americans know, and can even often recite the entire thing, however, the remanding part is often looked over and unknown. One part, a very important one, is the second amendment. This amendment states that â€Å"A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of the Free State, their right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed† (The NRA). This one, small part of the Constitution gives Americans the right to keep and bear Arms, and has been under fire in more recent years. Not only are many American citizens demanding to amend this amendment, the Government has stepped over it completely, all in the hopes to a bolish the use of guns among American citizens. The Founding Fathers put each and every part of The Constitution in place for a reason; to protect the American people’s rights. The issue with gun bans is that they prevent the citizens who properly register and use their firearms, from the having the ability to use them for self defense, giving the advantage to the criminals (Strossel). Gun control laws fail to protect not only individuals, but America as a whole, as the laws are ineffective, and inadequately allow selfShow MoreRelatedGun Issue And Gun Control1401 Words   |  6 PagesUniversity, Gun Politics has been a course I have aspired to take. While many enroll in such a course looking for an escape from the â€Å"collegiate liberal echo chamber† or as an outlet for their conservative agendas, I saw the class as an â€Å"entrance to the dark side.† My views on guns prior to the class were, I would call, polarized yet uninformed. In most of my discussion s, I would cite the Australian 1996 National Firearms Agreement as precedent for how American politicians should approach the gun issueRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control Essay1646 Words   |  7 Pagessomebody who wants to inflict harm on other people to get his or her hands on a gun.† (Simple Minded Gun Control). Gun control is a controversial issue worldwide. The reason why this has attracted so much attention is because not everyone is in favor of gun control and each side brings up excellent points about the issue. Research related to this issue strongly supports the claim that there SHOULD be more gun control laws. Three arguments that prove this position are (1) Incidents like Sandy HookRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1489 Words   |  6 Pagessplit on the issue of gun control. We have seen many violent shootings and innocent people dying because of gun violence. Some Americans believe we need strict gun laws to protect our children and ourselves from these horrific tr agedies. Other Americans believes it is our rights as Americans to posses’ guns and we are entitled to that right in our constitution. There are also some Americans that are stuck in the middle and can see both sides but recent events have definitely caused this issue to be inRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1031 Words   |  5 Pagesintegrate them in a way that will trigger a new viewpoint on the subject. Gun control is something that should be enforced across the world in order to save lives. In the United States there is a ratio of 88.8 guns per one hundred persons (GunPolicy.org). Those numbers award us with the highest total per capita number in the world. With that amount of firepower there needs to be an efficient way to regulate who exactly can purchase a gun. Since 1791 when the second amendment was ratified there have beenRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1705 Words   |  7 Pagesaway without preface or reason. All someone needs to do is pull the trigger. In today ’s world, guns are far too accessible to the people of society. We hear in the news, stories of mass shootings, homicides, and suicides; most of which are caused by the activation of a gun. A hot-button issue, gun control is one of the most debated topics in American politics. Should we, or should we not, be able to own guns? Although it infringes on the Second Amendment that provides the right to bear arms, this amendmentRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control951 Words   |  4 PagesGun control has been a big topic for the past decade in the united states. These debates will rise and fall time in and time out after something horrific happens in the state. Anti-Gun supporters do not realize that it is extremely difficult to regulate something in the states that is a big portion of our economy.Would stricter gun laws change anything? So far statistically It has been proven otherwise one must consider how a citizen would defend themselves when they are faced with terror. How willRe ad MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control929 Words   |  4 PagesGun Control Getting arrested yesterday was not the highlight of my week. I was hungry; so I went to Wal-Mart get some charcoal, lighter fluid, and steak. I put the charcoal in the grill and the lighter fluid on the coals. I got a little lighter fluid on my arm, but I didn’t pay it much attention. I lit the match and threw it on the coals. I looked down and my sleeve was on fire. I was waving my arm in the air, trying to put it out. Then here they come the police pulled in and tackled me to theRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1552 Words   |  7 PagesThe issue of gun is always controversial. Firearm can be used as defending or an assaulting weapon. In United States, firearm increase the rate of homicide, suicide and gun violence, which can harm and murder people. Moreover, taking away people’s gun will not work effectively because the murder and criminal will find another ways to get guns. Also, the black market will appear for the people who cannot get guns from regulated market s. In addition, if regulated guns are banned, murderers may useRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1678 Words   |  7 PagesJanuary 2014 The 2nd Amendment Over the past few years, the issue of gun control has been widely discussed. You surely have heard the phrase, â€Å"Guns don’t kill people, people kill people† uttered and i wholeheartedly support this statement. It is important to treat guns responsibly so they do not end up in the wrong hands. I believe gun control violates our inalienable rights. Another piece of our liberty will surely be taken away if guns are banned, and socialism and totalitarianism will be rightRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1208 Words   |  5 PagesWill Christopherson Traverson English 2 1 March 2017 Gun Control The United States has 88.8 guns per 100 people, or about 270,000,000 guns, which is the highest total and per capita number across the globe. The current public gun control debate in the United States seems to be placed on standby until it is sparked up by a major mass shooting. There were at least 126 mass shootings between January 2000 and July 2014.(pro). Opponents of more gun laws accuse supporters of using a horrific event to further

Fast Food Affects on Obese Children Free Essays

Fast Food Restaurants Affecting Obese Children Fast food restaurants have been around for ages from McDonalds to Wendy’s. All have been giving processed foods to people for very low prices. Some say fast food restaurants are the only reason for Obesity, some say fast food is the perfect combination of food and low prices. We will write a custom essay sample on Fast Food Affects on Obese Children or any similar topic only for you Order Now Obesity has majorly increased since the early 1970’s and so has the amount of fast food restaurants. They have even expanded close to schools. When fast food restaurants are too close to schools they affect the student’s weight. More and more restaurants are putting the nutritional facts in the menu, changing people’s minds about what they eat. With these arguments you can see that it’s obvious fast food restaurants cause obesity. Fast food restaurants have grown in popularity, size and distribution. With its popularity growing drastically, the percentage of children from the ages 6-19 that are obese has increased from 5 to a whopping 17 percent since the early 1970’s! with the years going by, more and more children are getting overweight because of fast food restaurants. Fast food restaurants are sometimes too close to high schools affecting the students weight and eating habits. If during class you look out the window and see a fast food restaurant it’s hard to resist the temptation. Although only 7 percent of fast food places are within a tenth of a mile 65% are within half a mile. Also listing nutritional facts changes peoples food choices in McDonalds especially. When fast food restaurants list these facts it increases the likelihood of parents choosing healthier food choices. Researcher Dr. Pooja Tandon from the Department of general paediatrics at the University of Washington in Seattle, when parents have the nutritional facts about the food they choose 100 calories less than parents that don’t have the info. In low-income areas, the information does not affect the parents. So now that you’ve read these few arguments, don’t just forget about it do the right thing. Make a decision and stick to it before more people get stuck on fast food. How to cite Fast Food Affects on Obese Children, Essay examples

Assessment on employee evaluation free essay sample

A thesis is a proposition a candidate has to defend orally before a Panel of Examinees. 2. Dry. Lorenz Charter provided the following criteria that can guide the student in choosing a research problem for his thesis: 2. 1 Novelty and Avoidance of Unnecessary Duplication. Duplication can be avoided if the researcher refers to the card catalogues in the library to find out what researches have already been done on the subject. 2. 2 Importance for the Field Represented. The result of the research work must be able to render since to society and to humanity. It must contribute to knowledge. For instance, the result for the research can be a basis for making decisions for the improvement of the institution or field represented. . 3 Interest, Intellectual Curiosity and Drive. Genuine interest should be one of the reasons for undertaking a study. One will find it difficult to pursue and complete a research undertaking if the subject does not interest him at all. We will write a custom essay sample on Assessment on employee evaluation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 2. 4 Training and Personal Qualifications of the Researcher. The research paper generally reflects the training and background of the researcher.It shows whether or not he has a thorough knowledge of the subject he is working on. Therefore, the researcher should not attempt to work on a topic for which he has very little background/training. For instance, if he has had no experience in the propagation of plants, he should not use that subject for his research work. If he is a teacher, his work should be on education, if he is a business manager, his work should be on business administration and so forth. 2. 5 Availability of Data and Method.While preparing the proposal the researcher should first find out if the data that he needs for his research are available and if he could possible get permission to gather data for the study. If not, then he should try another topic. 2. 6 Sponsorship and Administrative Cooperation. If a researcher is interested in getting sponsorship for his work he should find out what topics sponsoring institutions are interested in. If the topic he chooses is acceptable to them then he can be sure that at least part of the expenses to be incurred by the study will be shouldered by the sponsor. . 7 Costs and Returns. While making the proposal the researcher should estimate how much he will spend for the undertaking and how much he is likely to gain if the work is successful. This should guide him in his decision. 2. 8 Hazards, Penalties, and Handicaps. The researcher should also consider whether there are hazards that he is likely to encounter in doing the research work. Like a news reporter or a newspaper editor he could possibly encounter hazards if the topic he chooses is controversial.

The Diary of Anne Frank Book Report Essay Example For Students

The Diary of Anne Frank Book Report Essay The Diary of Anne Frank is about a girl that kept a diary while hiding from Nazis in Amsterdam for two years. The diary ends when the Nazis found her and her family. Her whole family was killed in exception for her father. She was given the journal on her thirteenth birthday. She simply summarized her life for two years in this phenomenal journal. This journal was found after she was killed. The book was published in 1947. Twenty-five million copies were sold and it was written in fifty-four languages. Basically there have been a lot of reviews on this literary work. Many people have had a great deal of criticism over the Diary of Anne Frank. From great authors to simple students, all have had their own perspective and view on this everlasting and most memorable book. We will write a custom essay on The Diary of Anne Frank Book Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This truly shows how the Diary of Anne Frank is one of the most widely read books in the world. Anne Franks diary was probably the first work that people actually got too see what the Holocaust was all about. Certainly it must be the best book for the subject. The diary brings together her childhood and then only known surviving footage of Anne Frank. This is a great way to describe a portrait of Annes life, character flaws, and everything else. In order to enjoy this piece of literary work, you must first learn the importance on Jewish culture. This work is like no other of any Holocaust books. This is actually a way to experience the painful experience the Jewish people had to endure during this awful and evil period of time. This story takes us into the eyes of Anne Frank. The Holocaust in literally brought to life. This literary work truly shows how Anne Frank was a martyr of racism and an insightful chronicler of her time period and place. The work also shows the typical adolescence of Anne Frank and her constant arguments with her mother in particular. It also deals with the day to day hiding she and her family went through. The only problem with the book is that the fact that Anne Frank rewrote her diary about two months before she was captured because she wanted her journal to be published after the war and she wanted to peruse a career in journalism. Therefore it is hard to tell what existed in her original copy and how much did she add afterwards. This tells us that we will never know how much knowledge Anne Frank possessed. It is not the information that should be questioned, but the chronology. Anne Franks diary is an invaluable historical account. The book shows no detail on what was re-written, maybe because the information is not available. The answer to the question of whether or not Anne Franks Diary is a reasonable assessment is no because certain excerpts were taken beforehand.Review By Carrie Gorringe,Review. She meant to say that the Diary of Anne Frank was a good way to experience the Holocaust but at the same time there is a lot of missing information. She is trying to say that there must be critical facts that are not shown in the book due to that fact that it was rewritten shortly before her death and the fact that it was translated into different languages. She reviews it as a great source of actually living the Holocaust through the eyes of Anne Frank but also to be in tuned that perhaps a lot of information is simply just not there. This critic tried to say that without the missing evidence, there is a lot of knowledge we are missing. She explains how without this knowledge one cannot truly see everything the young girl, Anne Frank, saw throughout this dreadful time of the Holocaust. The reviewer tells us that there are too many missing links which the editors of the diary are maybe trying to hide or maybe everything just simply never found. .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30 , .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30 .postImageUrl , .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30 , .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30:hover , .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30:visited , .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30:active { border:0!important; } .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30:active , .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30 .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua9b6896368a5861cdc1b2f6c7d339c30:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: My Ski Boots - A Learning Experience Essay The saddest part in the Diary of Anne Frank is the part where the book talks about how Anne Frank talked to her friend Hanneli Goslar across a barb-wired barrier at the Bergen Belsen concentration camp shortly before her death. This book achieves much of its greatness through the specific details it brings out. In my opinion she re-wrote her diary with posterity in her mind. The literary work follows with the familys destruction. The diary is seen as dreadful. The works most forceful source was the testament of the power of understandment.-Stephen Holden, review. This critic was trying to give a lot of recognition to . The Diary of Anne Frank Book Report Essay Example For Students The Diary of Anne Frank Book Report Essay The Diary of Anne Frank is about a girl that kept a diary while hiding from Nazis in Amsterdam for two years. The diary ends when the Nazis found her and her family. Her whole family was killed in exception for her father. She was given the journal on her thirteenth birthday. She simply summarized her life for two years in this phenomenal journal. This journal was found after she was killed. The book was published in 1947. Twenty-five million copies were sold and it was written in fifty-four languages. Basically there have been a lot of reviews on this literary work. Many people have had a great deal of criticism over the Diary of Anne Frank. From great authors to simple students, all have had their own perspective and view on this everlasting and most memorable book. We will write a custom essay on The Diary of Anne Frank Book Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This truly shows how the Diary of Anne Frank is one of the most widely read books in the world. Anne Franks diary was probably the first work that people actually got too see what the Holocaust was all about. Certainly it must be the best book for the subject. The diary brings together her childhood and then only known surviving footage of Anne Frank. This is a great way to describe a portrait of Annes life, character flaws, and everything else. In order to enjoy this piece of literary work, you must first learn the importance on Jewish culture. This work is like no other of any Holocaust books. This is actually a way to experience the painful experience the Jewish people had to endure during this awful and evil period of time. This story takes us into the eyes of Anne Frank. The Holocaust in literally brought to life. This literary work truly shows how Anne Frank was a martyr of racism and an insightful chronicler of her time period and place. The work also shows the typical adolescence of Anne Frank and her constant arguments with her mother in particular. It also deals with the day to day hiding she and her family went through. The only problem with the book is that the fact that Anne Frank rewrote her diary about two months before she was captured because she wanted her journal to be published after the war and she wanted to peruse a career in journalism. Therefore it is hard to tell what existed in her original copy and how much did she add afterwards. This tells us that we will never know how much knowledge Anne Frank possessed. It is not the information that should be questioned, but the chronology. Anne Franks diary is an invaluable historical account. The book shows no detail on what was re-written, maybe because the information is not available. The answer to the question of whether or not Anne Franks Diary is a reasonable assessment is no because certain excerpts were taken beforehand.Review By Carrie Gorringe,Review. She meant to say that the Diary of Anne Frank was a good way to experience the Holocaust but at the same time there is a lot of missing information. She is trying to say that there must be critical facts that are not shown in the book due to that fact that it was rewritten shortly before her death and the fact that it was translated into different languages. She reviews it as a great source of actually living the Holocaust through the eyes of Anne Frank but also to be in tuned that perhaps a lot of information is simply just not there. This critic tried to say that without the missing evidence, there is a lot of knowledge we are missing. She explains how without this knowledge one cannot truly see everything the young girl, Anne Frank, saw throughout this dreadful time of the Holocaust. The reviewer tells us that there are too many missing links which the editors of the diary are maybe trying to hide or maybe everything just simply never found. .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c , .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c .postImageUrl , .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c , .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c:hover , .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c:visited , .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c:active { border:0!important; } .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c:active , .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf09ff3f23ad6a290b886ddcd89276c2c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ancient Greek Civilisation Essay The saddest part in the Diary of Anne Frank is the part where the book talks about how Anne Frank talked to her friend Hanneli Goslar across a barb-wired barrier at the Bergen Belsen concentration camp shortly before her death. This book achieves much of its greatness through the specific details it brings out. In my opinion she re-wrote her diary with posterity in her mind. The literary work follows with the familys destruction. The diary is seen as dreadful. The works most forceful source was the testament of the power of understandment.-Stephen Holden, review. This critic was trying to give a lot of recognition .

Free Essays on Budget Car Sales Advertisement Analysis

are too small to read and i... Free Essays on Budget Car Sales Advertisement Analysis Free Essays on Budget Car Sales Advertisement Analysis As time goes by, advertisements become more and more creative. Sometimes it become too creative so there is no connection whatsoever between the methods that advertisement are made and their real purpose. The â€Å"Budget Car Sales† advertisement is one example. Its real purpose is to convince the reader to buy a car from their car dealer, but the way they convey this is not suitable with common sense. They use a nun that has absolutely nothing to do with cars in their advertisement. The advertisement consists of an eye-catching picture, which includes a smiling nun who is surrounded by various cars. The huge size picture is located at the center of the page so the readers could see it clearly. A nun was chosen because it resembles goodness, holiness and wiseness. It gives impression that the qualities of the car they sell are good because they acknowledged by this wise and holy nun. Her smiling face symbolizes her friendliness, since a nun is widely known as a friendly person towards all people no matter whom they are, and also give the impression to the readers that the cars they are selling are â€Å"friendly† to all people so anybody can use it. It also indicates that the Budget Car Sales’ employees are friendly. The picture attempts to use humour to communicate with the readers. The nun in the picture is not only standing there but she is lifting her foot as if she wants to kick the tire of the car. For some people, this is quite funny because you cannot visualize a nun kicking something everyday. It is common for people who want to buy a car to check whether the car is in good shape or not. Sometimes they do this by kicking the tire. Perhaps, if the car is not torn apart, the car is in a good shape. The other humour used is a board written â€Å"Good Home Wanted†. This generally is used for animals with no owners but instead they use it for cars. Unfortunately it is not efficient because the words are too small to read and i...

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Assignment - Essay Example With this concern, the report will comprise a brief description of the existing problems and their adequate solutions associated with offering quality and evidence based nursing facilities. Moreover, the discussion will also include necessary logistics and resources which are significant to effectively address the problems associated with the nursing facilities for pneumonia patients. Proposed Implementation Plan Method(s) of Obtaining Necessary Approval(s) and Securing Support for Proposal Obtaining effective support from nursing institutions would be the major aspect for the research which would provide adequate and substantial helpful information to accomplish the research objectives. The research aims to integrate evidence based practices with clinical awareness to substantiate the proposed plan. In order to accomplish the research objectives the research has incorporated various elements based on statistical evidence as well as to attain substantial support from the management a nd other associates. The main objective of this proposal is to maintain adequate framework to effectively provide evidence based services for the pneumonia patients. The proposed implementation plan will be presented to the board of directors from various departments as well as to the different management personnel of healthcare facilities. The information will be presented through arranging an assessment program in which experienced board of directors and concerned management personnel will be invited to have a thorough evaluation of the proposed procedural change. Description of the Problem Pneumonia can be considered as one of the major and vulnerable diseases, which creates an inflammatory condition in lungs (Leach, 2010). The disease can be considered as one of the most acute ailments which had killed a large number of children during the year 2008 and there has been considerable number of victims from different age groups across the various nations of the world. Effective vacc ination along with taking useful antibacterial treatment and care facilities can significantly prevent pneumonia from affecting human health (World Health Organization, 2008). A ventilator is recognized as a machine which aids a patient to breathe to providing required oxygen by the use of a tube. Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is identified as a kind of lung infection or a pneumonia which grows in an individual while he/she is receiving life-support through a ventilator (CDC, n.d.). It is observed that VAP had resulted in a number of deaths in the US hospitals over the years. For instance, in the year 2002, an anticipated 250,000 healthcare-related pneumonias were reported in the hospitals in the US. Out of which around 36,000 caused death of the person suffering from this critical medical condition. It is also recognized that patients who are being provided with mechanically-assisted ventilation are at greater danger of getting affected by healthcare-related pneumonia. In t he year 2011, National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) had reported in excess of 3,525 VAPs around different healthcare institutions in the US (CDC, 2013). Description of t

Amicus (Friend of the Court) (3rd party) Brief for specified current Research Paper

Amicus (Friend of the Court) (3rd party) Brief for specified current Suprem Court case - Research Paper Example Human Rights Watch also has a role of investigating and exposing incidences of human rights abuse abuses and violation, with an aim of putting the abuses to the task of being accountable. The organization also seeks to challenge the government and other bodies or people who hold powers to observe human rights and to end human rights abuses, particularly with reference to international human rights standards as well as that of the municipal laws. As a leading human rights body, with the aforesaid specific roles, which are highly tangential to the issues of justice , the organization has a legitimate interest to participate in the case and to present an Amicus brief for the same. The organization has a lot of interest in ensuring that justice is done to the defendant. It is the Human Rights Watch that this honorable court safeguards future systematic human rights abuses by the state, and in particular the police, against the citizens. It is the interest of the organization that the pol ice and all government organs concerned are held accountable for human rights abuses that they perpetrate. ... Incarcerated on a disorderly conduct charge, the deputies were hoping to learn more about Fields' relationship with an underage male. Fields was not given his Miranda warnings, but was told he could leave the conference room where the questioning took place at any time. During the 7 hour questioning, Fields repeatedly told the deputies that he did not want to talk about the allegations of sexual misconduct that they had leveled against him. Eventually, however, he did admit to some of the behavior that had been alleged. On the basis of that information, and over the strenuous objection of his counsel, Fields was later convicted of two counts of third-degree criminal conduct and sentenced to a term of 10-15 years.   Fields appealed claiming that when he was first removed from his cell to go to the conference room, he was given no notice of what the deputies wanted. Further, because they had not Mirandized him and continued to question him even after he told them he did not want to s peak to them, the incriminating statements should be thrown out. Throughout his appeals in the state judicial system, his arguments were denied.   Upon making a habeus corpus motion to the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan, however, Fields' contention that his rights had been violated was upheld. The Sixth Circuit Court affirmed that lower court ruling which contrasted with decisions made in similar cases in other federal courts. The split in the circuits virtually guaranteed that the Supreme Court would take the case. On January 24, 2011, the Supreme Court granted certiorari.   The present case presents a question as to what amounts to being in custody and in particular whether or not a prisoner is always â€Å"in

Structural Engineering-Tensegrity Simplex Structure Assignment

Structural Engineering-Tensegrity Simplex Structure - Assignment Example The concept of Tensegrity provides a high level of structural and geometrical efficiency and results in lightweight and modular structures. However, Tensegrity concept is still not part of the major design of stream structural wing because of various reasons. This paper therefore seeks to discuss Tensegrity, simplex structure. The paper will also detail how to find out the coordinates of the nodes, how to find out the angle of twist by simple geometry, how to find out the s/c ratio= 1.468, how to set up an actual model of prototype and the difficulties involved, as well as how the model deforms. Under this discussion, it is important to note that most of the bar to string configurations will not stay in equilibrium, and therefore if constructed they may possibly collapse to other shapes. Only the bar to string configuration in a stable equilibrium and pre-stressed will be referred to as Tensegrity structures. According to Skelton et al. (2001), Tensegrity is a class of structures that possess continuous tension characteristics, discontinuous compression. The authors assert that stability is an important aspect in Tensegrity. A system of Tensegrity may be established when discontinuous components of compression interact with tensile components and defines stability in space. Generally, Tensegrity is geometry of a system of materials in a stable equilibrium if the particles within the system of the materials return to geometry beginning from an initial position arbitrarily close to this particular geometry to infinity as time goes by. In order to find out the coordinates of the nodes and the angle of twists by a simple geometry and to determine the s/c ratio, the concepts of Tensegrity play a pivotal part. The following concepts are used: Pure tensile/compressive members: the structures of Tensegrity entail pure tension and compression members. The used tension elements are cables that

How hrm contributes to the achievement

How hrm contributes to the achievement 1. Investigate how HRM contributes to the achievement of organizational objectives? A. Running a business of any size is the most challenging aspect to identify the best strategy for the organization to achieve the desired objectives. We usually prefer objectives such as increase in sales make money, start up with offers. All these need clarity in organizations intensions. The success of organization depends on clarity of vision, measurable targets, specificity, achievable, and challenging, executable, growth oriented and consistency. Human Resource Management plays a major role in the organization to perform maximum capability in a highly fulfilling manner. Human Resource Management is the main approach for the organizations. The people working individually and collectively together contribute for the achievement of the objectives in the business. It is also termed as personnel management as the process is involved in managing people. Human Resource Management employees people, develop their resources, utilize, maintain, and compensate their services in relation to the organizational requirements. Organizational objectives are typical and require multiple years not less than 3-5 years to achieve the outcome based on annual operations that coincide similarly with a calendar year and organizations operating cycle. Operations objective run under business units, departments, functional areas, teams and individuals etc. Often a combination of financial and non–financial measures. When the objectives define goa ls and sub – goals, targets will be the larger objectives. Before an organization is setup it needs to examine all the aspects of business equation to reach organizational objectives. The link between organization system and structure is necessary to understand the impacts, effectiveness and efficiency. By setting al the objectives to all the levels of the organization it is possible to get maximum returns on resources and operations. The opportunities presented must be clear, measurable, specific and consistent. The features of Human Resource Management include: 1. Organizational management 2. Personal administration 3. Manpower management 4. Industrial management / Employee Relations. The positive view of the employees virtually contributes to the enterprise productively for the achievement of organizational goals. Human Resource Management is more innovative at work place than the traditional approach. Its unique to express the goals with specificity and provide the resources needed to accomplish the task. Activities take priority in setting the communication of objectives and targets wherein the guidelines and boundaries play a important role. The constraint of an organization requires tradeoffs and evaluation options to determine the capabilities to achieve the specified outcomes. Objectives of an organization depend on core competencies and competitive advantages, current and projected influence on the industry in different environments, Current and future constraints on resource and operations, possibilities, capabilities, probabilities, negativity in opportunities, opportunities that work, needs of an organization, financial position relationship with the cl ients. To develop an organization, the objectives are to be supported by clear understanding of capabilities of the organization, growth of the organization, focus on processes, people, infrastructure, change in environment, completion and other economic factors. Human Resource Management techniques properly practices, can reach the goals and operating process in an organization. It plays a key role in risk reduction within organizations and comprises several processes which can be performed in an HRD when effectively integrated they provide significant economic benefit to the organization. Workforce planning, recruitment, induction, and orientation, skills management, training and development, personal administration, wages, time management, payroll, employee benefits, cost planning, performance appraisal, financial control, client management, should be performed well in advance so that the Human Resource Management contributes its performance towards the objectives for a successful organization. The Human Resource Management should function in every activity and should play a key role in deciding the organizational objectives to fulfill the basic needs ensuring they are on high performance. Dealing with performance issues, independent contractors, hiring employees, are also a part of the above. The activities also include approach to the employee benefits and compensation, employee records and personnel policies. It should always ensure, aware of personnel policies which confirm current regulations in the form of HR manuals. Characteristics are observed in Human Resource Management while developing policies which relate to objectives, functions, physical factors and company matters. Policies should be easily defined, positive, clear and understandable. The different modules in Human Resource Management refer to the system and process at an intersection between Human Resource Management and information technology. The functions of HRM are generally administrative and common i n all organizations. Organizations having formalized selection, evaluation, and payroll process build the company. Efficient and effective management of human capital is a successful way to imperative and complex process. To reduce the manual workload of the administrative activities HRMS – Human Resource Management System is introduced. It enables higher administrative control in an organization. The some of the modules are linked below: 1. The payroll module automates the pay process by gathering all the employee data i.e. time, attendance, deductions, taxes, reports. 2. Work time gathers standardized time and work related efforts. This is the most advanced module flexibly provided in data collection methods, cost analysis and efficiency metrics. 3. Benefits and administration modules provides a system for organization to administer and track benefit programs like insurance, compensation, profit sharing and retirement. 4. Human Resource Management module covers many other HR aspects. It addresses Data, Selection, training and development, capabilities, compensation and other related activities. Human Resource Management function involves business based information system. The significant cost incurred in maintaining an organized recruitment effort, cross posting within and cross general competitive exposure developed in a dedicated module called – ATS, Applicant Tracking System. Many Organizations develop HRMIS Human Resource Management information system which support recruitment, section, training, job placement, performance appraisal, employee benefit analysis, health safety and security, leadership style, task structure all the factors should be favorable under extreme situations. The aim of Human Resource Management process are typically concerned in managing people which will assist in the achievement of organizational objectives within the strategy formation process. The senior management believes the policies which contribute to the organizational performances. In particular to the HR strategies the outcome of emergent plays a sensible role along with the perceptual understanding of organizational members. Organizational objectives and aims may be interrupted to gain a competitive advantage for an organization by which managerial actions can be combined to peruse important organizational aims. Human R resource Management started with an idea that specific organizational objectives demand appropriate HR strategy responses. Effective Human Resource Management is important for organizational performance and for the experience of employees by means of special line managers and the contribution of Human Resource Management to organization performance. Human Resource Management in large organizations grows larger and technology becomes more advanced in an enterprise. So, a sophisticated procedure has to be implemented. Human Resource Management is a process which provides the knowledge of the key HR levels which are important to key business success, compassions with better performance. Ways of using information to improve HR processes. Organizations are regarded as people management system. They range from hierarchies to complex networks depending on Human Resource Management to adopt strategies which effects both cost effectiveness and employee commitments. Networks and networking have a different number of distinct meanings in Human Resource Management. Organizational Human Resource Management doesnt necessarily have any physical or permanence presence. They can be firmed and reformed to meet the new projects from a HR perspective in a company. Organizational Human Resource Management flexibility includes regular employees in relatively low skill, routine work, low pay who can be trained and utilized their skills for the development. Human Resource Management contributes each of its objectives to every department in the organization for the success. 2. HR Planning and development methods: A. HR planning is about the pattern of planned activities and intends to enable the organization to achieve its goals. Its a vital function that looks at strategy and then deploys the necessary human capital in the organization. It falls into wider area of employee resourcing, planning for acquiring and allocating employees for the organization. Organizations to be more efficient, productive and profitable must promote their goals. It means that the organization must undergo change in the design of the work to be performed in the organization, selection, management and training of the employees to work. Human Resource strategy is the activity focused on the frame work for the change process which will be line of success. Human resource planning process is a stage that has to be established and implemented which is dynamic, iterative and serves to integrate all plans and the component of change process. HR Planning and tracking is constantly updated, analyzed and reports are prepared to support the process of selection, training, development and motivation. Human resource planning details about the strategy needs of the organization assessing the supply of the relevant employee to fulfill the staffing needs. The strategic objectives needs to be clearly distinguished followed and processed in realistic and congruent way in order to achieve targets. The strategic planning process should be in chain reaction from objectives, analysis, strategy formulation, implementation, control. For large corporations, strategy is related to the portfolio of business. Organizations are effected by labor demand; therefore formulating a strategy should be enhanced for the strengths and weakness of the workforce. Strategic plans can be implemented if the organization is staffed with number and a type of HRs to provide necessary skills, knowledge, abilities etc. Human resource planning is involved in implementation as the major risk will be on reallocating the employees. Successful planning in companies can make and implement better strategies. Human resource planning with many HR practices is done by central HR department, line managers who will do a large part of planning for their requirement towards the workforce. A central HR department is involved in the process in varying degree of different levels. The Human resource planning process is comprised of three broad keys: 1. Strength and weakness of current workforce in regard to number and skills of the employees. 2. Get a clear strategic plan. 3. Alterations in the current staff if required. The Human resource planning process is of four steps: 1. Strategic plans and resultant design of the organization to be decided. 2. Organizations determination towards labor demand in short and long terms. 3. Effective and continuous filling and staffing needs. 4. Staffing plans implementation. The Objective of Human resource planning is employee needs at every level. The design of the company will determine the production orientation if necessary. Autonomous work teams require multi skilled staffing in hierarchical organizations. Human resource planning framework requires forecasting. Human resource planning includes forecasting labor demand arising from strategy objectives and its methods, organizational supply capabilities, accessing adequacy of current staff, strategy staffing goals and plans, affirmative action plan which requires designated employees to achieve employment equity, employment affirmative action measures in group teams. The so called man power planning is one of the most important step in Human resource planning. Forecasting and prospective studies are the recent trends in Human resource planning concerning employment and skills. A comprehensive economic planning process is to achieve a certain balance between the manpower needs. A forecast is a assessment made with certain degree of probability planning consists of desired future and the achievement of goals. Human resource planning is in right number people with right skills at right place at right time to implement organizational strategies in order to achieve organizational objectives. In corporate and business level strategies Human resource planning is a process of analyzing an organizations human resource and developing its plans, policies and system, setting human resource objectives and planning how to meet them is crucial for smooth functioning. HR should ensure the supply of demands to be classified and performed. HR process interfering with strategies planning and scanning process has to be implemented. HR should be examined, Huma n resource demands should be forecasted and the supply of HR from within the organization in the external labor market also needs to be concluded. Later forecast of demand and supply has to be compared in accordance to actions needed to deal with anticipated shortage of overages. All the above info needs to be stored in the strategic planning process. Basic Human resource planning model describes below: Organizational objectives HR Requirements HR Planning Feasibility analysis. HR objectives are linked to Organizational objectives and planning and designed to ensure consistency between organizations strategic planning process and Human resource planning process. Objective of strategic plans are feasible and require HR goals. Need to ensure that the Human resource planning process are coordinated and allowed to meet its HR requirements in the organization. The major demand to be determined is labor requirements which involves forecasting HR needs based on organizational objectives. It also involves consideration of alternative ways of organizing job designs. The other factors that has to be examined is determination of HR supply i.e. availability. It involves forecasting or predicting effect of various HR programs for employees flowing into the organization. It has to be determined how the existing programs are performed. It needs to know the capability of various programs and its combinations. The determination should also be capable of doing knowledge requ irement of the programs that fit together in external environment constraints labor unions, technology skills and internal environment constraints like skill shortages within the organization, financial resources, managerial attitudes, culture, and work environment. The difficulty in quantifying costs and benefits has to be checked while planning and has to be revised as per requirement. Oversimplification of planning process doesnt normally proceeds till first acceptable plan for the best HR goal. The benefits of planning has value and is usually less rational and may omit or lack knowledge required for forecasting incorrect assumptions about effectiveness of HR programs shouldnt engage in strategic planning. Though the present HR system has changed it should have the capability of change resistance. Human resource planning should be as a guide and co-ordinate all HR activities to work together and support overall strategy. Human resource planning should be representative to internal and external environment as mentioned in advance. The process of Human resource planning comprises of HR forecasting which is a process of projecting the organizations future, HR needs and how it meets in ordinance with organizations policies and environmental conditions which it operates. Without forecasting Human resource planning cannot access the difference between supply and demand. The internal supply may be in the form of staffing capabilities, productivity changes, promotions, demotions, transfer and turn over. External supply may be employees, requirements, mobility, entry level openings, recruitments, compensation. Human resource planning when planned, the following needs to be carefully planned: Organizational and unit strategy plans Size of the organization Staff and managerial support Organizational design Sophistication Time frame Objective Organization size ( Large organizations require more complex forecasting syatems and require skill staff) Complexity ( Diverse career path and skill requirements) Organizational objectives (greater the difference between current HR system and desired HR system) Plans and Strategies ( Complex plans the complex forecast system) Factors creating uncertainty Factors promoting stability Lack of expertise Inadequate HR data Available objective methods Regression analysis Programming Succession planning Human Resource Development is one of the main pillar considering both the scope and position of a company for its professionalism. The companies aspire to create development by training which meets economic requirements of the organization. It is necessary for an organization to develop every sector by means of considerable changes for the projects to end up with profits. Development of Human resources means opportunity never occurring before, at the same time new challenges. Human Resource Development is a framework which helps employees develop their organizational and personal skills, abilities. Human Resource Management includes opportunities in employee training, career development, planning, employee identification, and organizational development. The main focus is on superior workforce and individual employee to accomplish the task. Healthy organizations conduct trainings for better work environment by means of: 1. OJT – On Job Training, where a employee learns while doing job. It is also called as hands on training. Team lead is responsible for training the employee on knowledge and skills. OJT can be cost effective. The feedback during the training is immediate so that the employee may experience faster growth and carry on the task work. 2. Off the Job Training – The employee location will be outside the business are to learn skills and knowledge. It includes demonstrations, role plays, self study, external courses. The employee is temporarily sent for the training from routine work place. 3. In House Training – It depends on the quality and skills of an employee which improve performance and productivity that business requires. 4. Management Training – It includes workshop training, training on managing skills, guidance on communicating and motivating employees, interview and selecting, retention strategies, employment law issues, performance evaluation. 3. Analyze ways in which performance of HR may be enhanced. A. Every organization has an operations function, the goal and purpose of most organizations includes production of its output. It has to produce resources, convert them into outputs and distribute in the market for the users. It comprises of all the activities required to create and deliver an organizations clients and customers. Operations are usually a major functional area where people are specifically designated of their responsibilities for managing all or part or all of the organizations management. It plays a crucial role in determining a well organization with satisfactory measures. In private sector companies the operation function is expressed in terms of profits, growth and competitiveness. Its also concerned with design management and improvement of the system that reaches the organizational goals. Finance and HR should be strong enough for a successful organization. Performance of HR is enhanced by many factors. Performance Appraisal: It is also called as employee appraisal in which the job performance of an employee is evaluated in terms of equity of work, quantity of work, cost effectiveness, time frame. It is a part of development of career. Performance appraisals are regular reviews done once in 6 months or twice a year or once a year depending on the organizations capability and policies. The aim of performance appraisal is to give feedback on the employee performance, identify employee training needs, organizational rewards, salary increase, promotions, discipline etc., provide opportunity on organizational development, communication between employees and administration, equal employment opportunity requirements. Performance appraisal is assessed on a numerical or scaling rating system, PMS – performance management system where the managers were asked to fill in the PMS form which shows the roles and responsibilities of an employee with that of its rating. The managers were also asked to score an individual against a number of objectives, roles and responsibilities performed during the given tenure. Employees receive self assessment forms from the managers, peers, subordinates which is know as 360 degree appraisals The methods that are used in Performance appraisal are: 1. Management by objectives: Performance appraisal in this method depends on objectives in which the management and employees agree and understand. 2. 360 degree appraisal: Performance appraisal depends on the feedback provided by superiors, managers and peers. 3. Behavioral observation scale: Performance appraisal depends on the behavior of an employee versus observation of the supervision and rating given. Judgment made by senior management and reports made by students are also valuable sources of information in many areas of learning and development. Peer judgment are especially useful in assessing personal – social development and self report methods. The appraisal system consists of: Student judgment and reports Peer recognition Self report techniques Attitudes measurement Interest inventories Personality measures Basing on Appraisal system job evaluation is done by three basic methods: 1. Ranking Method: This is the simplest method of job evaluation. Jobs are arranged from highest to lowest merit in the organization. The jobs are examined as a whole rather than basis of important factors in the job. Top level jobs have the highest value bottom level the lowest value. Ranking is done in each department and then organizational ranking is performed. As per ranking method the variation in the salaries of employees is seen depending on variation of the nature of the job performed by the employees. It is best practiced in small organizations and big organizations. It is highly objective in nature and is more scientific and fruitful way. Example: Array of Jobs according to the Ranking Method Rank Monthly salaries 1. Accountant Rs 3,000 2. Accounts clerk Rs 1,800 3. Purchase assistant Rs 1,700 4. Machine-operator Rs 1,400 5. Typist Rs 900 6. Office boy Rs 600 The variation in payment of salaries depends on the variation of the nature of the job performed by the employees. The ranking method is simple to understand and practice and it is best suited for a small organization. Its simplicity, however, works to its disadvantage in big organizations because rankings are difficult to develop in a large, complex organization. Moreover, this kind of ranking is highly subjective in nature and may offend many employees. Therefore, a more scientific and fruitful way of job evaluation is called for. 2. Job Classification method: A predetermination of job groups is established and jobs are assigned according to the classification. It may include office, clerical, managerial, personnel etc. The below is the description: Class I: Executives, Office managers, Deputy Office managers, Office, superintendent, department superiors etc. Class II: Skilled workers Class III: Semi skilled workers Class IV: sub semiskilled workers This method is less subjective and easy to practice. It takes into account all the factors of a job. The weaknesses of the job classification method are: Even when the requirements of different jobs differ, they may be combined into a single category, depending on the status a job carries. It is difficult to write all-inclusive descriptions of a grade. The method oversimplifies sharp differences between different jobs and different grades. When individual job descriptions and grade descriptions do not match well, the evaluators have the tendency to classify the job using their subjective judgments. 3. Factor comparison method: It is more systematic and scientific method and is consistent and appreciable. Under this method each job is ranked according to a series of factors which include mental effort, physical effort, skill needed. Supervisory responsibility, working conditions and other relevant factors. Below are the factors: Job representing wages, salary levels across the organization according to the department. Job evaluation factors are to be examined. Selected jobs should be ranked. Determination of wages. 4. Point Method: This method is currently used and expressed in terms of key factors in order of importance. Jobs with similar point totals are placed in similar pay grades. The factors are below: Identify the factors such as skill, effort, responsibility. Divide each major factor as sub factors. The merits and demerits are: Merits: Analytical and objective. Reliable and valid as each job is compared with all other jobs in terms of key factors. Money values are assigned in a fair way based on an agreed rank order fixed by the job evaluation committee. Flexible as there is no upper limitation on the rating of a factor. Demerits: Difficult to understand, explain and operate. Its use of the same criteria to assess all jobs is questionable as jobs differ across and within organizations. Time consuming and costly. Maximum number no points assigned to each job help in finding the relative worth of a job and therefore the total points are expressed which are converted into money value according to wage rates. The point method is widely used in evaluating jobs and it is superior. It looks into all key factors and sub factors of a job. It is systematic and reliable way. Job evaluation is an internal equity that assesses and rewards the goals of the organization. It is not based on the credentials or contributions made by the employee but systematic process is determined. Job evaluation involves: Job analysis – collecting and evaluating; Job documentation – Job content is recorded; Job rating – compares job and evaluation methodology; and Job hierarchy – Depends on the ranking list of employees in the organization for each position. Motivation and job satisfaction are two important factors that affect the work environment of an employee. Motivation is from or within the drive to excel. Job satisfaction is the pleasure desired, appreciated and valuable. The strategies of addressing underperformance are unlikely that management, in an organization states that these are no subsidiaries, plants, outlets underperformance. The underperformance and length of time that is used before is addressed to determine the share price and future plans. The range of options open are to be understood which involve exiting from market subsidiaries refraining options need to be considered and evaluated to avoid breakdown in communication. Employee satisfaction is important. It has to be considered so that the employee working for organization is satisfied with the options and opportunities given to them. It is a terminology used to describe whether the employees are happy and fulfilling their desires, needs at work. This is measured by surveys periodically in areas such as management and team work.

Causes of the Flu Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers

Why We Still Get the Flu This winter, media reports of early influenza (flu) deaths in American and British children sparked a panic that is spreading throughout the United States and the world. People are currently rushing to get flu shots to try to prevent this virus, which can be temporarily debilitating and even lead to death (1). With readily available flu vaccination and medication, it is a wonder that the flu is still an extant disease. In fact, in any given year, the flu kills about 15 million people world wide, more people than are killed by AIDS, lung cancer, and heart disease combined (2). With so much modern medical technology, why is it that we are still getting the flu? Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a virus that infects the trachea (windpipe) or bronchi (breathing tubes) (1). Strains of the flu may belong to one of three different influenza virus families, A, B, or C (3). Symptoms include high fever, chills, severe muscle aches, headache, runny nose, and cough. Complications can lead to pneumonia. Those most at risk of dying from the flu or contracting complications include asthmatics, people with sickle cell disease, people with long-term diseases of the heart, kidney, or lungs, people with diabetes, those who have weakened immunity from cancer or HIV/AIDS, children on long-term aspirin therapy, women who are on their second or third trimester of pregnancy, children under the age of nine, and adults over the age of 50 (1). Flu shots may be a miracle of modern technology, but they are not received by everyone. The flu is a world-wide problem. While Americans spend $2 billion treating and preventing the flu every year, those countries known as the Third or Developing World simply cannot afford su... ... VA – Flu Vaccine http://www.fin.org/n_flu.html 9)Fujian flu vaccine ready by next year; news article on the Star Online, a Malaysian Newspaper. http://www.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file= 10)ScienceDaily New Release: Australian National University Scientists Find Genetic Trigger For The 1918 Spanish Flu http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2001/09/010907081636.htm 11)WHO 50th – Smallpox Eradication, Site Commemorating the 50th anniversary of the World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/governance/en/smallpox.htm 12)FluMist: No More Flu Shots? , On the Mayo Clinic website. http://www.mayoclinic.com/invoke.cfm?objectid=591BCB8D-4339-4653-86B9311B648BF021 13)ScienceDaily News Release: A Better FLU Vaccine? Nasal Spray Vaccine May Give More Protection Against 'Drifted' Strains http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2003/12/031209081457.htm

History of Brazil Essay

It is a matter of fact that Brazil is a country of contrasts. One can easily observe that the development of this nation is incredibly uneven. Taking into consideration their past experience, the Brazilians are seeing some very good times as a nation. Certainly, they have overcrowding problems. However, each country has its own difficulties and tries to overcome them. Thus, the diversity of this country and its amazing history has brought a â€Å"mixing bowl† of culture preparing a bright future for Brazil. It is widely known that four major groups make up the Brazilian population. They are the Portuguese, who colonized Brazil in the 16th century; Africans brought to the country as slaves; various European, Middle Eastern, and Asian immigrant peoples who have settled in Brazil since the mid-19th century; and indigenous people of Guarani and Tupi language. (Skidmore, 131) Brazil is the only Latin American nation that takes its language and culture mainly from Portugal. Intermarriage between indigenous people or slaves and the Portuguese was a common phenomenon. Despite the fact that the major European ethnic culture of Brazil was once Portuguese, waves of immigration have greatly contributed to a diverse ethnic and cultural heritage. Admiral Pedro Alvares Cabral claimed Brazilian territory for Portugal in 1500. The early explorers brought back a wood with them that produced a red dye, pau-brasil. This is where the land received its original name. Portugal began colonization in 1532 and made the area a royal colony in 1549. During the Napoleonic Wars, fearing the advancing French armies, King Joao VI left the country in 1808 and set up his court in Rio de Janeiro. He was brought home later in 1820 by a revolution, leaving his son as regent. When Portugal wanted to reduce Brazil to colonial status again, the prince declared Brazil’s independence on Sept. 7, 1822. Thus, he became Dom Pedro I, emperor of Brazil. Harassed by his Parliament, Pedro I resigned in 1831 in favor of his five-year-old son who became emperor Dom Pedro II in 1840. Emperor Pedro II ruled to 1889 when a federal republic was established as a result of a coup d’etat organized by Deodoro da Fonseca, marshal of the army. A year earlier, while Dom Pedro II was in Europe, the Regent Princess Isabel had abolished Slavery. Abreu, 311) Dom Pedro II was a popular monarch. Yet discontent grew up and, in 1889, he had to resign because of a military revolt. Although a republic was proclaimed at that time, Brazil was ruled by military dictatorships until a revolt allowed returning gradually to stability under civilian presidents. From 1889 to 1930, the government was a const itutional democracy. The presidency was alternating between the dominant states of Sao Paulo and Minas Gerais. This period ended with a coup d’etat that placed a civilian, Getulio Vargas, in the presidency. He remained as a dictator until 1945. From 1945 to 1961, presidents of Brazil became Eurico Dutra, Vargas, Juscelino Kubitschek, and Janio Quadros. When Quadros abdicated in 1961, he was succeeded by Vice President Joao Goulart. (Abreu, 329) Goulart’s years in office were marked by high inflation, total economic failure, and the increasing influence of radical political parties. The armed forces alarmed by these developments organized a coup d’etat on March 31, 1964. The coup leaders chose Humberto Castello Branco a president, followed by Arthur da Costa e Silva (1967-69), Emilio Garrastazu Medici (1968-74), and then Ernesto Geisel (1974-79). All of them were senior army officers. Geisel began a liberalization that was carried further by his successor, General Joao Baptista de Oliveira Figueiredo (1979-85). In the last of a long series of military coups, General Joao Baptista de Oliveira Figueiredo became president in 1979. He pledged a return to democracy in 1985. Figueiredo not only allowed the return of politicians exiled or banned from political activity during the 1960s and 1970s, yet also permitted them to run for state and federal offices in 1982. (Alden, 284) However, at the same time, the Electoral College consisting of all members of Congress and also six delegates chosen from each state continued its activities of choosing the president. The election of Tancredo Neves on January 15, 1985, the first civilian president since 1964, brought a nationwide wave of optimism and activity. He was elected from the opposition Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB). (Alden, 287) However, when Neves died on April 21, Vice President Sarney became president. The latter was widely distrusted because he had previously been a devoted member of the military regime’s political party. Collor de Mello won the election of late 1989 with 53% of the vote in the first direct presidential election in his 29 years. (Abreu, 378) Mello promised to lower the persistent hyperinflation by following the path of free-market economics. Having faced impeachment by Congress because of a corruption scandal in December 1992, Mello finally resigned. Vice President Itamar Franco took his place and assumed the presidency. Fernando Cardoso, a former finance minister, won the presidency in the October 1994 election having 54% of the vote. He took office on January 1, 1995. (Skidmore, 232) Cardoso has organized the disposal of bad government-owned monopolies in the electrical power, telecommunication, port, railway, mining, and banking industries. His timely proposals to Congress included constitutional amendments in order to open the Brazilian economy to greater foreign participation and to implement such sweeping reforms as social security, government administration, and taxation so as to reduce excessive public sector spending and considerably improve government efficiency. Alden, 298) During his short time in the office, Cardoso’s economic wisdom has made a measurable progress in overcoming Brazil’s poverty level. It is remarkable to observe how the Brazilian government makes certain efforts in order to address basic needs of its people such as education, distribution of meals, health care, and the promotion of children’s rights. Co-signed by the President of Brazil and 24 state governors, the â€Å"Pact for the Children† is intended to fully implement the constitutional and legal obligations providing for protection of children and adolescents. Several federal agencies supervise the execution of government programs for children and adolescents aimed to give Brazilian youth opportunities for a better life, shelter, education, and love. Thus, if not forgetting about the past mistakes and taking care of its nation, the Brazilians will surely come to the brightest future.

Free Essays on Journal Entry Summeries On Viagra

One of the most prominent drugs to come out in the last ten years was Viagra. Viagra is used to help in a problem known as ‘Erectile Dysfunction.† Both the term and drug have become a commonplace in today’s society. What once was an embarrassing topic that many people were ashamed of, is now an open part of our culture. It centers around a males personal problem, yet affects womens lives as well. The drug has helped many people admit and then cope with the intimate problem. According to an article written by Siegfried E. Drewes , Jacob George, and Fatima Khan, Goldstein defined erectile dysfunction as â€Å"a consistent inability to get or keep an erection that is satisfactory for sexual performance.† This drug opened the eyes of todays society and gave individuals the power to not only control their personal problems, but also discuss them in an open way. In this article, titled â€Å"Recent Findings on Natural Products with Erectile Dysfunction Activity†, the different ways to decrease erectile dysfunction are discussed. Viagra, which has been the most prominent drug of its kind, is a prescription which â€Å"causes the smooth muscle cells around the penis to relax, leading to dilation and increased influx of blood into the penile tissue.† Alone with viagra, there are many other products which are used to help erectile dysfunction. Dehydroepiandrosterone, Yohimbnie, L-Citrulline Forskolin are different types of natural product s. While some findings show similar conclusions to the effects of viagra some of these products actually go above and beyond and also improve sexual stamina and performance. This article also discusses some of the â€Å"undesirable side effects such as hypertension.† The research conducted in this article shows the chemical makeup of the different compounds and combinations of products used to help erectile dysfunction. The main conclusion that these authors found is quite ground breaking. It is explai... Free Essays on Journal Entry Summeries On Viagra Free Essays on Journal Entry Summeries On Viagra One of the most prominent drugs to come out in the last ten years was Viagra. Viagra is used to help in a problem known as ‘Erectile Dysfunction.† Both the term and drug have become a commonplace in today’s society. What once was an embarrassing topic that many people were ashamed of, is now an open part of our culture. It centers around a males personal problem, yet affects womens lives as well. The drug has helped many people admit and then cope with the intimate problem. According to an article written by Siegfried E. Drewes , Jacob George, and Fatima Khan, Goldstein defined erectile dysfunction as â€Å"a consistent inability to get or keep an erection that is satisfactory for sexual performance.† This drug opened the eyes of todays society and gave individuals the power to not only control their personal problems, but also discuss them in an open way. In this article, titled â€Å"Recent Findings on Natural Products with Erectile Dysfunction Activity†, the different ways to decrease erectile dysfunction are discussed. Viagra, which has been the most prominent drug of its kind, is a prescription which â€Å"causes the smooth muscle cells around the penis to relax, leading to dilation and increased influx of blood into the penile tissue.† Alone with viagra, there are many other products which are used to help erectile dysfunction. Dehydroepiandrosterone, Yohimbnie, L-Citrulline Forskolin are different types of natural product s. While some findings show similar conclusions to the effects of viagra some of these products actually go above and beyond and also improve sexual stamina and performance. This article also discusses some of the â€Å"undesirable side effects such as hypertension.† The research conducted in this article shows the chemical makeup of the different compounds and combinations of products used to help erectile dysfunction. The main conclusion that these authors found is quite ground breaking. It is explai...

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buy custom America essay An ideology is set of ideas that define a persons ideas, thoughts, and explains actions. Ideologies constitute a vision a person or a group of people has for the society. Ideologies offer a society change or adhere to certain ideals that already exist. Ideology is the body constituting of myths, beliefs , doctrines, that guides individuals, institutions, or even large groups of people together with the complete plan of how to implement a particular vision. Ideology defines how people ought to live. Ideologies define politics and guide every political idea that politicians put forward for their people. In the U.S today different politicians are using different ideologies to convince the voters to elect them into the presidential position. The ideologies are the ideas that the various hopefuls have to steer the country to both economic stability and to ensure the quality private lives of its citizen (Willard 30). The ideologies the citizens of the U.S are witnessing from each of the presidential candidates are different. Barack Obama, for example, populist ideology describes him, both in the economic and private area. The ideology urges the change that favors the public people contrary to a few private elites. Obamas ideology suggests that consideration of the common people is more important than that of the few wealthy ones. In the policies Obama suggest, for example the health care policy, the favor tends to side with the common people over the elite group. The ideology affects both the economic area and the private life of all the citizens (Willard 30). Conservative ideology best describes Ron Pauls ideas. Ron describes himself as the voice for the limited. Ron advocates for a constitutional government and for low taxes, free markets. Rons emphasis on the constitutional government is in itself a conservative idea. The ideology on a constitutional government is conservative on the private area while others like the low taxes and the free markets affect the economic area (Willard 30). Mitt Romney says that he is not concerned with the very poor or the very rich, but his concern is on the middle class. The middle class constitutes the majority of the Americans and therefore his concern is on the majority. Romneys idea is to elevate the middle class which then elevates the country. This ideology is liberal in both the economic area and the private area. Romney says that the country is on a safety net with the poor and that the rich is doing fine. The ideas affect both the economic and the private areas (Huff post 1). Buy custom America essay

Cultural analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cultural analysis - Essay Example Drawn from three different clusters according to the GLOBE culture clusters, the research will involve interviews on three cultural dimensions as discussed by both Hofstede and GLOBE cluster. The three clusters include Latin American, the Middle East and the Sub-Saharan Africa clusters. Evidence from the interviews conducted on the two clusters indicates that people acquire their cultural traits as they grow up. Regardless of the number of years they have been away from their places of birth, culture abandonment is unlikely. Results from the interviews revealed significant similarities and differences from the three cluster communities. Respondents in the interviews had been in the United States for over two years, which means they had adopted the American lifestyles. However, to determine whether the responses from the interviews were true, I will make a comparison with the cultural dimensions discussed by Hosftede and GLOBE. Finally, I will draw conclusions with references from the study findings. Individualism â€Å"Geert-Hofstede.Com† (web) defines individualism as the degree of interdependence that a society maintains among its members. Both respondents saw signi8ficant differences between the level of socialization in the United States and their places of origin. ... He associated this separation with the capitalism in the United States. According to the Middle East respondent, people in the United States are too busy to consider social lives, or take part in any form of social events. According to him, the American society, being too individualistic, people tend to indulge in other people’s lives. For him, this is opposite in their culture, especially whenever involved in any form, of religious groupings. These two tend to regroup with people of their origin even in the United States, as they cannot avoid having a belonging, which are people of their culture. Hofstede and GLOBE agrees with these responses. According to Hofstede, there is a higher level of individualism in the United States, than in the Middle East. However, the Sub-Saharan African countries score low in the level of individualism. United States rank at 91 on the level of individualism, while Middle East scores 25 and Sub-Saharan Africa scores 20. Power distance Hofstede d efines power distance as the extent to which less power people in the society’s institutions and organizations expect and accept unequal distribution of power Geert-(â€Å"Hofstede.Com† web). Power distance argues that both the followers and leaders endorse inequality. There is a higher level of power separation between leaders and subordinates in the Middle East than in Africa and United States. According to my interview with the Middle East respondent, they accord high respect to their leaders, and treat them, with respect and humbleness. To them, leadership is divine and religious. He agrees that there is a huge difference between the rich and the poor, with the rich being the most respectable people in the society. Although Africans share similar sentiment, he points

London City Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

London City - Essay Example With such a prominent position in Western history, there are endless articulations of the city. This essay examines Ackroyd’s (2003) London: A Biography and Hunter’s (2006) Persons Unknown; / Life and Death in Hackney in terms of the way they present the city as reality, experience, and practice. Ackroyd’s (2003) London: A Biography presents an expensive exploration of the city of London. As this texts offers considerable insights into the nature and meanings of the city’s reality, it’s necessary to consider a number of particular themes. While traditional biographies oftentimes explicate specific historical events, or notable occurrences in a person’s life, Ackroyd’s account captures many of the instances of London life that would otherwise go undetected. This multidimensional approach can be witnessed in Ackroyd’s exploration of linguistic elements of speech in the city. He writes, â€Å"London speech has been variously descr ibed both as harsh and as soft, but the predominant characteristic is that of slackness† (Ackroyd 2003, p. 347). Ackroyd then extends this consideration to involve the means that London speech experienced broad patterns of change; for instance, during the fourteenth century the East Saxon voice of London was displaced by verbal elements from the Central and East Midlands. While Ackroyd’s account of this linguistic sentiment is undoubtedly biased by his personal opinion, it functions to contribute to the recognition of the city as a living entity that has evolved through major shifts in time. The presentation of this city in this context creates a reality of the London experience as something monumental. While Ackroyd’s consideration of London as a living entity is prominently demonstrated in the evolution of linguistic elements, there are other means that articulates these elements of reality, experience, and practice. As Ackroyd considers London as evolving a la nguage of slackness, he additionally considers the city as shaped and reflecting more naturalistic elements. Perhaps nowhere is this better witnessed than in his consideration of the ocean as shaping and informing London reality and experience. Ackroyd (2003, p.6) writes, â€Å"There was once a music-hall song entitled 'Why Can't We Have the Sea in London?', but the question is redundant; the site of the capital, fifty million years before, was covered by great waters. The waters have not wholly departed, even yet, and there is evidence of their life in the weathered stones of London.† While the specific historical consideration here is the actual linkage between London and its pre-historic past, more significantly Ackroyd is drawing a deep-rooted linkage to the city experience as emanating from its natural surroundings. In addition to the influence of the Ocean, Ackroyd considers elements such as birds, remnants of early civilizations, and the clay that can become mud. Ackro yd links these elements to literary references in Dickens and other historical perspectives. The cumulative impact of such notions of the city further enhances the theme of the city as a living entity and its monumentality. While Ackroyd’s text considered London as a living entity with a monumental reality, Hunter’s photography series captures Londoners’ lived experience. The contrast between these depictions depends on the portions of the articulations the reader or viewer chooses to emphasize. Hunter’s ‘Persons Unknown’ series present a minimalist portrait of individuals living in London. The main aesthetic quality of these images is precisely rooted in the isolation of the people and the quirky, yet somber ambience of their surroundings. For instance, one photograph ‘